A revolution is upsetting the lighting business as LED lightbulbs replace energy-hogging incandescent ones. This is good news for consumers and the environment; using less energy reduces the greenhouse gases that contribute to climate change.
But this shift comes with a cost, exemplified by a century-old lightbulb factory in St. Marys, Pa., that is the latest to shut down.
For much of its long history the LEDVANCE facility, 120 miles northeast of Pittsburgh, produced lightbulbs under the Sylvania brand. Now all it produces is scrap metal.
Jeff Anderson worked at the plant for more than 20 years. He and about 175 others lost their jobs when LEDVANCE announced the closure last April.
Recently Anderson watched sparks fly as a worker cut and dismantled one of the lightbulb production lines.
"I was the last one to run that machine that's over there, that they are tearing apart," says Anderson, occasionally appearing to choke up as he described what is happening to his former workplace. "This plant has a lot to do with my life. My mom and dad actually met in this plant."
His father began working here after returning from Vietnam, and his mother started a few years later. "They ended up engaged and married," he says, "and when she got pregnant with me she quit here and stayed at home."
Anderson says LEDVANCE wages were good for the region, around $50,000 a year with overtime. But the company competes with overseas manufacturers that have cheaper labor costs.
LEDVANCE had hoped to attract customers who want to buy American-made products. It produced a video called "Daddy's Light Bulbs" showing a LEDVANCE employee with his daughter in a store lightbulb aisle. She asks, "Daddy, did you help make these?" He proudly answers, "Yes."
The employee featured in that ad also lost his job.
You don't buy lightbulbs anymore. Once you buy them, you don't change them.
"Unfortunately, when consumers have to spend money and everything else is getting more expensive, 'Made in the U.S.' kind of drops down on their list of priorities," says Jennifer Dolan, head of government affairs for LEDVANCE.
Dolan says the company tried to keep the plant viable. Just a few years ago LEDVANCE invested $10 million to begin producing the LED bulbs people want to buy. But the lighting business is changing so fast, that plan fell apart. A big reason is falling prices.
"We have seen, on a global scale, the prices of LED lamps have decreased by approximately 14% per year over the last six years," says Pal Karlsen, lighting technology research analyst at IHS Markit.
On top of that, federal efficiency regulations are in flux. The Obama administration tried to dramatically expand efficiency requirements to more lightbulbs. But then the Trump administration reversed that, a position Dolan's company supports.
"There's a lot of uncertainty in policy. There's a lot of uncertainty in the marketplace. Everything is just converging to make it very difficult in lighting," says Dolan.
Industry analysts say this factory is not the first casualty of the LED revolution and probably won't be the last.
And there's another issue that doesn't require an analyst to figure out: Companies are selling fewer lightbulbs because LEDs can last a decade or longer before they burn out.
"You don't buy lightbulbs anymore. Once you buy them, you don't change them," says John Dippold, of St. Marys, whose mother started working at the plant in 1917.
Another local resident, Bob Friedl, agrees these newest lightbulbs pose a double-edged sword. "They're a little more expensive but they sure last a long time," he says. "But your buddies don't have a job either."
LEDVANCE plans to finish decommissioning the factory next summer. Anderson says he has filed for unemployment benefits and will take advantage of a retraining program.
He is thinking about becoming a heavy equipment operator, perhaps for a construction company. He was planning to retire at 62, he says, but because of the lighting revolution he may have to work a few more years.
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