February is National Cancer Prevention Month. A recent study ranks Alabama among the states with a lung cancer crisis in the U.S. Survivability statistics are only available for thirty nine states and Alabama is at the bottom. One area where the state is doing better is cancer screening where just over twenty percent of residents get checked. That may sound bad. But, American Lung Association spokeswoman, and radiation oncologist, Dr. Andrea McKee says it’s not.
“I think the highest rate is in Rhode Island, where it's close to 30% so Alabama is actually doing a pretty good job comparatively, but we're all doing, you know, we all have room for improvement,” she said
The American Lung Association says around twenty percent of Alabama residents smoke. And, rural communities face issues with availability of treatment options. Another cancer concern in Alabama is exposure to household radon gas, which is considered the second highest cause of cancer in the U.S. Dr. McKee says despite the seriousness of the threat from radon, it gets less attention
“It's very easy to do Radon Testing so that you can see if you have high rates of radon in your basement in particular," McKee said. "And if you do, there are RADON Mitigation systems that can be put into your house to help diffuse the radon."
As the nation observes Cancer Prevention Month, the early years of the COVID-19 pandemic, experts worried that disruptions to cancer diagnosis and treatment would cost lives. A new study suggests they were right. The federally funded study by the medical journal JAMA Oncology is being called the first to assess the effects of pandemic-related disruptions on the short-term survival of cancer patients.
Researchers found that people diagnosed with cancer in 2020 and 2021 had worse short-term survival than those diagnosed between 2015 and 2019. That was true across a range of cancers, and whether they were diagnosed at a late or early stage. Of course, COVID-19 itself was especially dangerous to patients already weakened by cancer, but the researchers worked to filter out deaths mainly attributed to the coronavirus, so they could see if other factors played a role.
The researchers were not able to definitively show what drove worse survival, said Todd Burus of the University of Kentucky, the study’s lead author.
“But disruptions to the health care system were probably a key contributor,” said Burus, who specializes in medical data analysis.
COVID-19 forced many people to postpone cancer screenings — colonoscopies, mammograms and lung scans — as the coronavirus overwhelmed doctors and hospitals, especially in 2020.
Earlier research had shown that overall cancer death rates in the U.S. continued to decline throughout the pandemic, and there weren’t huge shifts in late diagnoses. Recinda Sherman, a researcher on that earlier paper, applauded the new work.
“As this study is the first to document pandemic-related, cause-specific survival, I think it is important," said Sherman, of the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries. “The more we understand about the impact of COVID-19, the better we will be able to prepare for the next one.”
How could overall cancer death rates decline in 2020 and 2021, while short-term survival worsen for newly diagnosed patients? Cancer prevention, diagnosis and treatment measures that for years had been pushing cancer death rates down did not suddenly disappear during the pandemic, Burus noted.
“We didn’t forget how to do those things," he said. “But disruptions could have changed access, could have changed how quickly people were getting treated.”
Further research will show if any impact was lasting, said Hyuna Sung, senior principal scientist and cancer epidemiologist at the American Cancer Society.
“Transient declines in survival that quickly recover may have little impact on long-term mortality trends," she said.
The new study tapped national cancer registry data to focus more specifically on patients who had a first diagnosis of a malignant cancer in 2020 and 2021. More than 1 million people were diagnosed with cancer in those two years, and about 144,000 died within one year, according to the researchers' data. The researchers looked at one-year survival rates for those patients, checking for what stage they were at the time of diagnosis.
They calculated that one-year survival was lower for both early- and late-stage diagnoses, for all cancer sites combined. Most worrisome were large differences seen in colorectal, prostate and pancreatic cancers, they said.
Overall, the researchers found that more than 96% of people who got an early-stage cancer diagnosis in 2020 and 2021 — and more than 74% of those with a late-stage diagnosis — survived more than a year. Those rates were slightly lower than would have been expected based on 2015-2019 trends, resulting in about 17,400 more deaths than expected.
